Entra em vigor neste domingo (3/1) o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência, com o objetivo de garantir mais condições de acesso a essa parcela da população, composta hoje por 45 milhões de brasileiros. A Lei 13.146/2015, sancionada em julho de 2015, classifica o que é deficiência, prevê atendimento prioritário em órgãos públicos e fixa pena de prisão de 1 a 3 anos para quem discriminar pessoas com esse perfil.
Passam a ter prioridade procedimentos judiciais que têm pessoas com deficiência como parte interessada, em todos os atos e diligências. Até então, só havia regra expressa nesse sentido para procedimentos administrativos. O atendimento prioritário também vale para proteção e socorro em quaisquer circunstâncias; atendimento em todas as instituições e serviços de atendimento ao público; segurança no embarque de passageiros e recebimento de restituição de Imposto de Renda, por exemplo.
A nova lei diz que cabe ao Poder Público capacitar membros e servidores do Poder Judiciário, do Ministério Público, da Defensoria Pública, dos órgãos de segurança pública e do sistema penitenciário sobre direitos da pessoa com deficiência.
O estatuto também estabelece que “a deficiência não afeta a plena capacidade civil da pessoa, inclusive para: I – casar-se e constituir união estável; II – exercer direitos sexuais e reprodutivos; III – exercer o direito de decidir sobre o número de filhos e de ter acesso a informações adequadas sobre reprodução e planejamento familiar; IV – conservar sua fertilidade, sendo vedada a esterilização compulsória; V – exercer o direito à família e à convivência familiar e comunitária; e VI – exercer o direito à guarda, à tutela, à curatela e à adoção, como adotante ou adotando, em igualdade de oportunidades com as demais pessoas”.
Na esfera criminal, a pena para quem comete discriminação é ampliada em um terço se a vítima encontrar-se sob responsabilidade do agente e pode chegar a 5 anos de prisão caso a discriminação seja cometida por meios de comunicação social. Apropriar-se de bens e benefícios de pessoas com deficiência também pode render reclusão, de até 4 anos.
Impedir ou dificultar o ingresso da pessoa com deficiência em planos privados de saúde rende pena de 2 a 5 anos de detenção, além de multa. A mesma punição se aplica a quem negar emprego, recusar assistência médico-hospitalar ou outros direitos a alguém, em razão de sua deficiência. Fica proibida ainda a cobrança de valores adicionais em matrículas e mensalidades de instituições de ensino privadas.
Outra novidade é a possibilidade de o trabalhador com deficiência recorrer ao Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço quando receber prescrição de órtese ou prótese para promover sua acessibilidade.
Cotas e áreas específicas
Empresas de exploração de serviço de táxi deverão reservar 10% das vagas para motoristas com deficiência. A Lei de Cotas (Lei 8.213, de 24 de julho 1991) continua obrigando que qualquer empresa com 100 ou mais funcionários deve destinar de 2% a 5% dos postos de trabalho a pessoas com alguma deficiência.
Quando o estatuto passou no Congresso, o projeto de lei obrigava empresas com menos de 100 funcionários a contratarem pelo menos uma pessoa com deficiência. Esse ponto, porém, foi vetado pela presidente Dilma Rousseff (PT).
A nova lei obriga ainda reserva de assentos em teatros, cinemas, auditórios, estádios, ginásios de esporte e outros locais similares, em áreas com boa visibilidade e de acordo com a capacidade de lotação.
Legislações anteriores já previam a reserva de 2% das vagas dos estacionamentos públicos para pessoas com deficiência, mas o novo texto garante que haja no mínimo uma vaga em estacionamentos menores. Os locais devem estar devidamente sinalizados e os veículos deverão conter a credencial de beneficiário fornecida pelos órgãos de trânsito. Hotéis e pousadas devem garantir 10% dos dormitórios acessíveis.
Obrigações do Estado
Ao poder público cabe ainda assegurar sistema educacional inclusivo, ofertar recursos de acessibilidade e garantir pleno acesso ao currículo em condições de igualdade, de acordo com a lei.
Também deve criar programas de habilitação profissional, promover a inclusão em atividades culturais, estimular a oferta de livros e artigos científicos acessíveis e apoiar a manutenção de moradia para a vida independente da pessoa com deficiência, além de capacitar tradutores e intérpretes da Libras. Municípios devem elaborar plano de rotas acessíveis.
Fonte: ConJur
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