Investigação forense e a representação facial humana

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Escrito por Cristovão Goes

As Ciências empregadas na Criminalística estão em constante evolução para acompanhar e desvendar as mais diversas formas de crime praticados. Uma destas ciências que evoluiu bastante ao longo dos anos foi a Arte Forense. Hoje, com a denominação moderna de Representação Facial Humana – RFH, engloba a elaboração de disfarces, projeção de envelhecimento, a modelagem 3D de rostos, a prosopografia e o Retrato Falado, sendo este último o mais conhecido do grande público.

O Retrato Falado é um conjunto de técnicas que tem por finalidade identificar uma pessoa a partir das características da face. Dentro de uma investigação criminal, o Retrato Falado tem por finalidade diminuir o universo de suspeitos, dando um direcionamento àquelas investigações cuja pista inicial seja a lembrança que uma vítima ou testemunha tenha em sua mente. Ele não deve ser largamente divulgado como um cartaz de procura-se. Ao contrário, deve ficar no circulo de policiais envolvidos na investigação para evitar que pessoas inocentes sejam confundidas e acabem sendo apontadas pela população.

O profissional que elabora o Retrato Falado é o Papiloscopista, que deve possuir habilidades em informática, mais especificamente, em edição de imagens e inteligência emocional para conquistar a empatia da testemunha/vítima e aplicar as técnicas de entrevista direcionadas à confecção do Retrato Falado, visto que ele evoluiu do desenho à mão livre, passando por quites de montagens com partes de rostos pré-definidas, até as atuais imagens de alta definição em computador e a modelagem 3D em modernas impressoras.

Apesar de toda evolução, é a capacidade e dedicação do Papiloscopista aliada à capacidade de memorização da vítima/testemunha que vão determinar o maior ou menor sucesso do Retrato Falado na investigação. Abaixo está descrito um caso, dentre muitos no Brasil, que tiveram auxílio de Retratos Falados elaborados pelos Papiloscopistas Policiais Federais do Estado da Paraíba.

Caso

 

retrato falado 1Uma estudante desapareceu na tarde do dia 7 de janeiro de 2013, quando voltava da escola no bairro Alto do Mateus, em João Pessoa. Desde então, as polícias estaduais se empenharam para encontrar a estudante. Além das investigações da Polícia Civil, equipes da Polícia Militar, inclusive a Polícia Florestal, além do Corpo de Bombeiros trabalharam nas buscas. Familiares amigos e vizinhos de Fernanda realizaram carreatas protestando pelos trotes que são passados seguidamente, dando falsas informações sobre o paradeiro da estudante.

De acordo com a tia da garota desaparecida, a família decidiu realizar a manifestação para cobrar uma ajuda verdadeira da população e pedir que os trotes fossem cessados. A polícia civil conseguiu identificar a primeira pessoa a receber o celular desaparecido de Fernanda: uma mulher o recebeu, do possível assassino, após ter consumido crack em uma pousada dias depois do desaparecimento. Foi ela que descreveu suspeito para o Papiloscopista da Polícia Federal, permitindo a produção do retrato falado.

Segundo a polícia, o retrato tem 90% de fidelidade à fisionomia do vizinho de Fernanda Ellen e foi feito com o auxílio de Papiloscopistas da Polícia Federal, levando os Investigadores até Jefferson, vizinho da vítima, assassino confesso, flagrado com o corpo da jovem enterrado em seu quintal. Todos o corpo de investigadores, além do Papiloscopista da Polícia Federal – que confeccionou o retrato falado do acusado de matar a estudante – receberam a concessão do elogio funcional.

A partir de agora constará nas fichas funcionais desses servidores o reconhecimento ao excelente trabalho profissional, empenho e dedicação, fundamentais para a elucidação do crime.

 

José Hybernon de Olinda Pereira

Papiloscopista Policial Federal

Professor da Academia Nacional de Polícia

 

Fonte: Sinpefpb

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